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Ottoman Institutions

Ottoman institutions
At the top of the hierarchical system was the Ottoman Sultan, who has acted in the political, military, legal, social, religious and capacity under a variety of titles. He was theoretically responsible only to God and God’s law – the Islamicseriat (in Arabic, sharia), of which he was the chief executioner. All offices were filled by his authority, and every law was issued to him in the form of a firman (decree). He was a top military commander and had the official title for all surfaces. During the early sixteenth century Ottoman expansion in Arabia, Selim I also took the title of caliph, thus indicating that it was the universal Muslim ruler. Although theocratic and absolute in theory and in principle, the powers of the Sultan limited in practice. apply to the recruitment of key members of the dynasty, the bureaucratic and military institutions and religious leaders had.
Three characteristics were necessary for inclusion in the ruling class: the Islamic faith, loyalty to the sultan, and compliance with the norms of behavior of the Ottoman court. The last qualification effectively the majority of the common Turks, whose language and customs were very different from those of the Ottomans ruled. The language of the court and the government has included the Ottoman Turkey, a highly formalized hybrid language, Persian and Arabic loan words. In time Greeks, Armenians and Jews were also in government service, usually employed in diplomatic, technical or commercial capacity.
The day-to-day conduct of the government and the formulation of policy were addressed in the hands of the divan, a relatively small Council of Ministers by the Chief Minister, the grand vizier.The entrance to public buildings where the divan met – and that was in the seventeenth century the residence of the grand vizier – was called the Bab-i Ali (High Gate or gate). In diplomatic correspondence, the term was synonymous Ottoman Porte with the government, a use that power, which recognized the grand vizier.
The Ottoman Empire had Turkish origins and Islamic foundations, but from the beginning it was a heterogeneous mixture of ethnic groups and religious denominations. Ethnicity was determined exclusively by religious affiliation. Non-Muslim peoples, including Greeks, Armenians and Jews were recognized as a millet (see Glossary) and were given the municipal autonomy. Such groups were allowed to operate schools, religious institutions and courts of common law based on their own.

Ottoman institutions
At the top of the hierarchical system was the Ottoman Sultan, who has acted in the political, military, legal, social, religious and capacity under a variety of titles. He was theoretically responsible only to God and God’s law – the Islamicseriat (in Arabic, sharia), of which he was the chief executioner. All offices were filled by his authority, and every law was issued to him in the form of a firman (decree). He was a top military commander and had the official title for all surfaces. During the early sixteenth century Ottoman expansion in Arabia, Selim I also took the title of caliph, thus indicating that it was the universal Muslim ruler. Although theocratic and absolute in theory and in principle, the powers of the Sultan limited in practice. apply to the recruitment of key members of the dynasty, the bureaucratic and military institutions and religious leaders had.
Three characteristics were necessary for inclusion in the ruling class: the Islamic faith, loyalty to the sultan, and compliance with the norms of behavior of the Ottoman court. The last qualification effectively the majority of the common Turks, whose language and customs were very different from those of the Ottomans ruled. The language of the court and the government has included the Ottoman Turkey, a highly formalized hybrid language, Persian and Arabic loan words. In time Greeks, Armenians and Jews were also in government service, usually employed in diplomatic, technical or commercial capacity.
The day-to-day conduct of the government and the formulation of policy were addressed in the hands of the divan, a relatively small Council of Ministers by the Chief Minister, the grand vizier.The entrance to public buildings where the divan met – and that was in the seventeenth century the residence of the grand vizier – was called the Bab-i Ali (High Gate or gate). In diplomatic correspondence, the term was synonymous Ottoman Porte with the government, a use that power, which recognized the grand vizier.
The Ottoman Empire had Turkish origins and Islamic foundations, but from the beginning it was a heterogeneous mixture of ethnic groups and religious denominations. Ethnicity was determined exclusively by religious affiliation. Non-Muslim peoples, including Greeks, Armenians and Jews were recognized as a millet (see Glossary) and were given the municipal autonomy. Such groups were allowed to operate schools, religious institutions and courts of common law based on their own.